XPS C1s core level analysis was used to identify the O-C-O functionality unique to the carbohydrate acetal moiety and to separate and quantify the relative coverage of sugar in carbohydrate/OEG mixed SAMs. We performed a comparative analysis on the relative coverage of mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold, consisting of a thiol-functionalized trimannoside (Manα1,2Manα1,2Manα-OEG-SH) at varying concentrations (0 to 100%) mixed separately with two thiol-containing polyethylene glycol oligomers. Motivated by the need to develop surface analytical techniques to characterize carbohydrate-modified surfaces, we developed a quantitative X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging (SPR imaging) method to study glycan biosensors. Despite the fact that the carbohydrate microarray has seen increasing use within the field of glycobiology, the surface chemistry of the glycoarray remains largely unexplored.
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